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An increasing number of people in modern industrialised societies are iron replete, rather than iron deficient, and iron overload has been implicated as a possible source of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, report researchers in the new issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Researchers examined data on reproductive age women from the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), including the relationship between race-ethnicity, iron status, and CVD risk factors.
The participants included 1,178 white, 1,093 African-American, and 1,075 Mexican-American women aged 20 to 49 years who were subdivided into low, medium, or high iron status categories according to their serum ferritin concentrations, a measure of iron stores in the body.
Within each racial group, most indicators of CVD risk increased with serum ferritin status. For example, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol concentrations were higher, and HDL cholesterol concentrations were lower among subjects with the highest serum ferritin values.
Mexican-American women had significantly higher concentrations of triacylglycerols and glucose and lower HDL concentrations than whites and African-Americans, even though their iron stores were lower than the other two racial groups.
The study authors suggested that future studies should address issues of racial differences in response to iron repletion and/or iron deficiency as risk factors for chronic disease.